Prevalence and patterns of impacted maxillary canine in a Peshawar sample

Maxillary canines are important aesthetically and functionally, but impacted canines are more difficult and time consuming to treat. Permanent maxillary canine impaction has been reported in about 1% to 5% of the population. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of impacted maxillary canine in patients visiting to Khyber college of dentistry, Peshawar. A total of 500 patients of 15 years and above were examined clinically. Those having maxillary canine impaction were advised Anterior Occlusal View and panoramic radiograph to determine the patterns of impaction by vertical parallaxing technique. Data were processed in SPSS version 16.0. The chi-squared test was used to reveal any differences in the distribution of impacted maxillary canines when stratified by gender and location [left or right]. A p-value of <0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. Out of 500 patients examined 20[4%] had maxillary canine impaction. The mean age was 19.05 +/- 3.15 years. Age was ranged from 15 to 25 years. Female to male ratio was1.85:1. Females had more impaction of maxillary canine than males[p=0.000]. Palatal were the most common in males while buccal were in females. Left side was commonly involved in impaction in both genders

Evaluation of mandibular length in subjects with class one and class two skeletal patterns using the cervical vertebrae maturation

The prevention, interception, and correction of dentofacial deformities also depend largely on a proper understanding of craniofacial growth and development. For growth modification to be successful, it is absolutely essential that its start at the right time. The aim of the present study was to assess mandibular size and cervical vertebrae maturation in subjects of both genders with Class one and Class two malocclusions. A total 100 patients; 50 males and 50 females having skeletal class one and two malocclusion were included in the study. Mandibular length was measured in millimeter on lateral cephalograms of each patient. Cervical Vertebral Maturation staging was done according to Baccetti et al. The comparison of mandibular length among gender and class of malocclusion was done. Out of total 100 patients half were males and half females. The age ranged from 8 to 15 years +/- 1.97. The commonest age range was 10-13 years. Mandibular lengths were greater in males from females in skeletal class one malocclusion whole no difference in skeletal class two. The longest length was in CS5. Statistically significant difference was found in mandibular among the gender but not among class of malocclusion

Applicability of Tanaka and Johnston mixed dentition analysis in a Peshawar sample

The objective of this study was to evaluate the applicability of Tanaka and Johnston method in predicting the size of unerupted permanent canines and premolars in a section of Peshawar Population. Convenience sampling technique was utilized for collection of data from 100 patient's casts on printed proforma. The teeth were measured using an electronic digital caliper with an accuracy of +/- 0.01 mm. The predictions of the width of the canines and the first and second premolars in both arches were made with the Tanaka-Johnston analysis. For the maxillary arch, 11 mm was added to half of the total value of the mesiodistal widths of the four mandibular incisors, whereas 10.5 mm was added to half of the total value of the four mandibular incisors regarding to the mandibular arch. Both genders in both occlusal arches showed high level of applicability of Tanaka and Johnston mixed dentition analysis with p<0.05

Soft tissue analysis in Class I and Class II skeletal malocclusions in patients reporting to Department of Orthodontics, Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar

The main objective of this research was to analyze soft tissue paradigm of patients with Skeletal Class I and Class II malocclusions in adult male and female groups of patients reporting to Department of Orthodontics, Khyber College of Dentistry. In the present study 100 patients were selected, 50 of Class I and 50 of Class II with equal gender distribution in both classes having age range of 15 -30 years. Soft tissue interpretation was done by cephalometry. The results show more convex profile among Class II patients. Both upper and lower lips were anteriorly positioned. No gender variability was found regarding nasolabialangle, Z- angle and Ricketts E-line. The review study reveals that different races have their own norms which provide helpful guide-lines in formulating the treatment plan

Patterns of skeletal class II in patients reporting to Khyber College of Dentistry

Skeletal class II results from anteroposterior disproportion in size or discrepancy in position of jaws rather than malposition of teeth relative to jaws. The aim of this study was to determine the patterns of skeletal class II. One hundred patients with skeletal class II were recruited in this study. The data was collected on specially designed proforma. Lateral cephalogram were traced for data analysis. Fifty-five female and forty-five males participated in this study. The age ranged from 9 to 34 years. Short mandible [50%] and vertically high angle [48%] were the common patterns. The common patterns among the skeletal class II patients were with short mandible and high angle

Etiology and treatment of midline diastema: a review of literature

Midline diastema can be physiological, dentoalveolar, due to a missing tooth, due to peg lateral, midline supernumerary teeth, proclination of the upper labial segment, prominent frenum or due to a self-inflicted pathology by tongue piercing. The treatment involves observation and follow up, active orthodontic tooth movement, combined orthodontic and surgical approach, restorative treatment and Mulligan's technique of overcorrection. Hand and electronic searching was done for 55 articles for this review of literature. Midline diastema is common dental anomaly having multiple causes and various orthodontic and surgical options for management. Midline diastemas require proper diagnosis and timing for better care of patients

Association of maxillary transverse discrepancy and impacted maxillary canines

The maxillary permanent canine acts as the corner stone of occlusion and plays a key role in smile design. Any morphological defect or eruption anomaly, affecting the maxillary permanent canine has a negative impact on the smile and facial esthetics of the person. The etiology of impacted maxillary permanent canine is multifactorial. Maxillary transverse discrepancies have been reported in 7-23% of the population. The objective of this study was to assess the association between maxillary transverse discrepancy and impacted permanent maxillary canines. The study was carried out at the Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry. After obtaining informed written consent from all patients, 60 casts of skeletal class I patients with complete permanent dentition except third molars were selected from the records of the Orthodontics department; 30 with impacted maxillary canines for the experimental group and 30 without any impacted teeth for the control group. The maxillary arch width was measured as the distance between the mesiopalatal cusp tips of the first permanent molars. The mandibular arch width was measured as the distance between the central fossae of the mandibular first permanent molars. The difference between the two measurements was calculated to determine maxillary transverse discrepancy. A positive [r = 0.341] and highly significant [p < 0.01] association was observed between maxillary transverse discrepancy and impacted maxillary permanent canines. Early correction of maxillary transverse discrepancy may reduce the chances of maxillary permanent canine impaction

Relationship between dental arch widths and mandibular plane angle in untreated adults with skeletal class II malocclusion

To investigate the arch width in untreated Class II subjects with average and high mandibular plane angles. Cross sectional comparative study. The study was conducted in the orthodontics department of Armed forces institute of Dentistry Rawalpindi from Sep 2008 to March 2009. Pretreatment dental casts and cephalograms of skeletal class II patients with complete set of permanent dentition except third molars reporting to the OPD of Orthodontic department were selected. Records of 60 patients [30 high angle, 30 normal angle] were randomly selected out of the 240 records studied. Intermolar and intercanine widths were measured in millimeters using digital calipers. Mandibular plane angle was measured from cephalometric tracings using the SN Mandibular plane [CoGn SN] angle as used in Steiner's analysis. The mean intermolar width for the normal angle group was 49.18 +/- 2.69 mm and 48.56 +/- 4.44mm for the high angle group. The mean intercanine width for the normal angle group was 34.41 +/- 2.33mm and for the high angle group it was 33.13 +/- 2.60mm. Independent t test failed to show any significant [p > 0.05] difference in the IMW between normal and high angle patients. However a significant [p < 0.05] difference was observed in the intercanine width of the normal and high angle groups. In our study there was no significant difference of intermolar width whereas significant difference of intercanine width was found between normal and high angle cases

relation of vertical facial pattern with sagittal craniofacial dimensions: a study

The aims of this study were to assess the relation of sagittal and vertical facial dimensions in lateral cephalometric analysis and occurrence of hyperdivergeney in various facial profiles. This study was conducted on 200 patients in the Department of Orthodontics Khyber College of Dentistry Sagittal analysis was done by measuring ANB angle, and vertical relation was determined by MMA angle and Lower Face height ratio. Ninety eight patients were skeletal class I [49%] followed by 92 patients [46%] in skeletal class II. Forty eight percent patients were normodivergent followed by 37% hyper divergens facial profile. Fifty one patients [52.04%] of skeletal class I patients were normo divergent and 43 patients [46.73%] of skeletal class II patients were hyperdivergent. Most of normodivergent patients were skeletal class I and hyperdivergent were class II